Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS IV. Tracing Radio Emission and Unveiling the Role of Winds

Original Abstract

Most Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are Radio Quiet, with radio emission that may arise from star-formation activity, AGN-driven winds, weak jets, and coronal activity. Disentangling these mechanisms is challenging and requires detailed multi-wavelength investigation, but it is crucial for quantifying AGN feedback in galaxy evolution. We present a detailed radio investigation of 21 X-ray selected AGN in the Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-Rays (SUBWAYS) sample (log Lbol = 44.9-46.3 erg/s, z=0.1-0.5), selected to systematically search for Ultra-Fast Outflows (UFOs). UFOs are detected in 30% of the targets, making the sample particularly well-suited for investigating the role and signatures of multi-scale outflows at different frequencies. We build the radio SED of the sources complementing our proprietary data, collected with the JVLA at 1.5 and 6 GHz, with images from LoTSS and other publicly available radio surveys between 150 and 1400 MHz. We investigate the role and occurrence of the aforementioned mechanisms, with particular interest in outflows and their possible relation with UFOs. We combined information on spectral indices, luminosities, and morphologies of the radio emission with properties derived in other wavebands, such as Star Formation Rate, X-ray luminosity, Eddington ratio or the UFO kinetic luminosity. All the sources are detected and are mostly consistent with RQ AGN. For 80% of the sources the data suggest the presence of an outflow (wind or weak jet). Interestingly, our results indicate that AGN with UFOs tend to have larger radio extension and a steep radio spectrum consistent with outflows. Moreover, the radio emission of the 6 UFO hosts is consistent with predictions from wind-driven shock models, possibly indicating a direct connection between the two phases. Alternatively, this may reflect physical conditions favouring the rise of both phenomena.