Josephson diode effect in multichannel Rashba nanowires: role of inter-subband coupling

Original Abstract

The Josephson diode effect (JDE) has attracted considerable attention for its ability to enable directional, dissipationless supercurrents in quantum devices. While hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowire Josephson junctions provide a canonical platform, most theoretical treatments assume the single-channel limit of the nanowire; however, realistic devices are inherently multichannel due to transverse confinement. Here, we investigate the JDE in multichannel Rashba nanowire Josephson junctions, focusing on the role of inter-subband coupling. We show that subband hybridization qualitatively modifies both the topological phase diagram and the JDE response of the device. In contrast to the single-channel case, the topological phase is restricted to a finite window of Zeeman fields, within which Majorana bound states lead to a strong enhancement of the diode efficiency. Crucially, inter-subband coupling enables a finite JDE even when the Zeeman field is aligned purely along the spin-orbit direction-- a mechanism absent in independent-channel and strictly one-dimensional systems. Furthermore, multichannel coupling enhances spectral asymmetry and significantly increases the diode efficiency compared to single-channel junctions. These results identify multichannel hybridization as a key ingredient for realizing and optimizing nonreciprocal superconducting transport in experimentally relevant hybrid semiconductor nanowire Josephson junctions.