ArXiv TLDR

Automated Instruction Revision (AIR): A Structured Comparison of Task Adaptation Strategies for LLM

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2604.09418

Solomiia Bilyk, Volodymyr Getmanskyi, Taras Firman

cs.CLcs.LG

TLDR

This paper introduces Automated Instruction Revision (AIR) for LLM adaptation, comparing it with other methods and showing task-dependent performance.

Key contributions

  • Introduces Automated Instruction Revision (AIR) for LLM adaptation using limited examples.
  • Compares AIR with prompt optimization, retrieval, and fine-tuning across diverse benchmarks.
  • Demonstrates that LLM adaptation performance is strongly task-dependent, with no single dominant method.
  • Shows AIR excels in label-remapping, while retrieval and fine-tuning suit other specific tasks.

Why it matters

This paper offers a structured comparison of LLM adaptation strategies, revealing that no single method is universally superior. It provides crucial insights into when to use Automated Instruction Revision (AIR) versus retrieval or fine-tuning, guiding practitioners in selecting optimal approaches for specific tasks.

Original Abstract

This paper studies Automated Instruction Revision (AIR), a rule-induction-based method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks using limited task-specific examples. We position AIR within the broader landscape of adaptation strategies, including prompt optimization, retrieval-based methods, and fine-tuning. We then compare these approaches across a diverse benchmark suite designed to stress different task requirements, such as knowledge injection, structured extraction, label remapping, and logical reasoning. The paper argues that adaptation performance is strongly task-dependent: no single method dominates across all settings. Across five benchmarks, AIR was strongest or near-best on label-remapping classification, while KNN retrieval performed best on closed-book QA, and fine-tuning dominated structured extraction and event-order reasoning. AIR is most promising when task behavior can be captured by compact, interpretable instruction rules, while retrieval and fine-tuning remain stronger in tasks dominated by source-specific knowledge or dataset-specific annotation regularities.

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